School Leaders, Crisis Management and Putting Out Fires - what can be done? — Evidence-based school leadership and management: A practical guide

In a recent DfE (2018) report senior leaders described their role as ‘akin to ‘crisis’ management much of the time:’ (p21). My intention is this post is to help senior leaders develop and implement a set of principles which can help prevent most crises and reduce the time senior leaders spend ‘fire-fighting’. To help do this I am going to draw up work of Bohn (2000) who identifies a set of circumstances when ‘fire-fighting’ has become chronic within an organisation. Bohn then goes on to provide a model of fire-fighting and suggests three methods for reducing the amount of firefighting within an organisation.

Are you working in an organisation where ‘fire-fighting’ has become the norm?

Bohn suggests that you are working in an organisation where ‘fire-fighting’ has become the norm if you are the victim of three of the following elements

There is not enough time to solve problems
Solutions are incomplete
Problems recur and cascade
Urgency supersedes importance
Many problems become crises
Performance drops

Before looking at how to prevent ‘fires’ I’m going to look at a simple model which shows the effects of fire-fighting syndrome.

The effects of fire-fighting syndrome - amended form Bohn

The consequence of this model is that firms/schools are trying to solve more problems than they have resources to deal with. Sometimes this leads to minor problems being put to one side or it can consume an organisation’s (school) resources and lead to some of the organisation’s (school’s) best problem leaving through say frustration and burn out.

How to prevent fires?

Bohn argues that instead of putting a place ‘quick fixes’ leaders and managers should focus on three specific and systematic methods.

Method	Sub-method	Description
Tactical	Add temporary problem solvers	If possible draft in resources (people) to try and address the issue
	Shut down operations	Can an activity be shut down to give time to fix the problem
	Perform triage	Admit that some problems won’t be solved for a while and commit resources to those that are important and can be solved
Strategic	Change design strategies	Try and come up with generic approaches to new development can be used in multiple circumstances and types of issues
	Solve classes of problems	Look for groups that can be solved together – rather than individual diverse problems
	Use learning lines	When running ‘pilot’ projects don’t set up special groups with additional resources, try and implement within a normal situation
	Develop more problem solvers	Get more people involved in solving problems
Cultural	Don’t tolerate patching	Leaders must focus and support real permanent solutions rather than look for the quick fix
	Don’t push to meet deadlines at all costs	Can you be flexible on deadlines -measure projects by looking at outstanding issues and problems
	Don’t reward fire-fighting	Identify and support those colleagues who are good at preventing fires and engage in long-term problem solving. Don’t give prominence to those colleagues who are constantly putting out fires

And finally

Although it's never easy to move from a fire-fighting mode to an approach which is more proactive - it's only ever going to get done if leaders begin to prioritise resources to address underlying issues - rather than constantly responding with a quick-fix. Although school leaders may not be able to choose the external or internal pressures that create crises, school leaders can choose how they are going to respond and whether these problems are resolved or just swept under the carpet.

References

Bohn, R. (2000). Stop Fighting Fires. Harvard Business Review. 78. 4. 82-91.

DfE. (2018). Exploring Teacher Workload: Qualitative Research Report: March 2018. London. Department for Education